Effects of Radiofrequency (Cell Phones and Television) on Migraine and Headache Symptoms in Children and Adolescents

Articles in Press

Document Type : Review Article/ Systematic Review Article/ Meta Analysis

Authors

1 Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Development Center of Children's Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran

2 Clinical Research Development Center of Children's Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran

3 Department of Pediatrics, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran

4 Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

5 Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

6 School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

Abstract

Background: The present study aimed to assess the possible effects of using mobile phones during pregnancy on headaches and migraines in children and adolescents.
 
Objectives: Migraine and Headache Symptoms are attributed to Radiofrequency (Cell Phones and Television) in Children. It is worth noting that recent studies have not been able to indicate a convincing causal relationship with Radiofrequency.
 
Methods: The current meta-analysis, organized based on the PRISMA statement, was performed by searching the relevant articles published in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. Original articles published in English from inception until April 1, 2023, were retrieved in this study. The quality of the articles included in the systematic review was scored based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
 
Results: A heterogeneity test was performed for headaches (children, adolescents, and both groups) and migraine. Considering that the chi-square test result was not significant (P>0.05), the results of the fixed model were reported. Based on the reported results, the odds ratio estimate of the meta-analysis of children's headaches in the Fixed model was equal to 1.51. Furthermore, the results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that the odds ratio of headache in adolescents was 1.48, and in both groups (children and adolescents), it was 1.51. The meta-analysis on migraine, with only two studies in this field, was equal to 1.52.
 
Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, exposure to radiofrequency was related to migraine and headache symptoms. There are no high-quality randomized control trials (RCTs) and/ or multiple consistent non-RCTs without methodological flaws

Keywords

Availability of data and materials: The dataset analyzed during the current study is available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.

 

Conflicts of interests: The authors have no relevant conflict interests to declare.

 

Consent for publication: All authors agree to publish the article in the present form.

 

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable.

 

Financial disclosure: No financial support was received for this study

 

Author contributions: Conceptualization, project administration, and funding acquisition: Masumeh Ghazanfarpour, Mohammad Hasan and Mohammadi, Hashem Lashgari Kalat; Methodology: Roya Nikbakht ,Elnaz Askaripour, Raziye Najafabadipour, Omolbanin Heydari, Mohammad Hasan Mohammadi and Hashem Lashgari Kalat ;Software: Hashem Lashgari Kalat, Masumeh Ghazanfarpour and Elnaz Askaripour, Raziye Najafabadipour; Validation and supervision: Elnaz Askaripour, Raziye Najafabadipour, Hashem Lashgari Kalat and Mohammad Hasan Mohammadi; Formal analysis: Roya Nikbakht5, Omolbanin Heydari and Masumeh Ghazanfarpour; Investigation: Hashem Lashgari Kalat, Masumeh Ghazanfarpour and Mohammad Hasan Mohammadi; Resources: Elnaz Askaripour, Raziye Najafabadipour, Omolbanin Heydari and Hashem Lashgari Kalat; Data curation, Elnaz Askaripour, Raziye Najafabadipour ,Omolbanin Heydari and Hashem, Mohammad Hasan Mohammadi Lashgari Kalat; Writing the original draft: Hashem Lashgari Kalat, Elnaz Askaripour, Raziye Najafabadipour and Mohammad Hasan Mohammadi; Review and editing: All authors.

 

Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Razavi International Journal of Medicine

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 21 January 2025

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