Comparison of the Effectiveness of Schema Therapy and Quality-of-life Improvement- based Treatment on Marital Intimacy in Women Affected by Infidelity

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Psychology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran

Abstract

Background: Marital infidelity is one of the most important factors threatening the performance, stability and continuity of a marriage and accordingly, it is very important to take appropriate measures to reduce its negative effects.
 
Objectives: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and treatment based on the improvement of quality of life on marital intimacy in women affected by infidelity.
 
Methods: This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group with a two-month follow-up. The statistical population was all women affected by infidelity in Tehran city during 2020-2021, and the statistical sample consisted of 45 women who were randomly selected and assigned to three groups of 15 subjects each.  The schema therapy group was treated once a week in 8 90-minute sessions and the quality of life- based treatment group was treated in 10 90-minute sessions per week. The research instrument used was the Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (MIS) by Walker & Thompson (2003). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and a repeated measures test.
 
Results: The results showed that 54/2% of marital intimacy is under the influence of two treatments. The main group effect was significant for intimacy (F=24/56, P=0.000, 0.210). However, there was no difference between the effectiveness of the two treatments in increasing intimacy.
 
Conclusion: It is concluded that schema therapy and quality of life improvement-based therapy are effective in increasing intimacy in women affected by infidelity.
 

Keywords


Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. Yoo G, & Joo S. Love for a Marriage Story: The Association Between Love and Marital Satisfaction in Middle Adulthood. J Child Fam Stud. 2021;31(6):1-12. doi:10.1007/s10826-021-02055-6
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02055-6
 
2. Fraser RN, Dalton JH, Burkhart JW, & Collins JT. Shared Christian Religious Identity, Religiousness, and Marital Satisfaction. J Pastoral Care Counsel.2021;75(2):126-132. doi: 10.1177/1542305021996229
https://doi.org/10.1177/1542305021996229
PMid:34137331
 
3. Sanchez L, Whisman MA, Hughes JA, & Gordon KC. Diversity in the prevalence and correlates of extramarital sex in a probability sample of Latino adults. J Fam Psychol. 2022;36(4):555-569. doi:10.1037/fam0000942
https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000942
PMid:34941324
 
4. Beltrán-Morillas, AM, Alonso-Ferres M, Garrido-Macías M, Villanueva-Moya L, Sánchez Hernández MD, & Expósito F. The Relationship Between the Motivation to Commit Infidelity and Negative Affect and Self-Esteem: How Cheating in Romance Might Signal Positive Well-Being in Adolescents. Psychol Rep. 2022;125(1):517-544. doi:10.1177/0033294120973947
https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120973947
PMid:33198553
 
5. Beck, A. Love is never enough, translated by Gharachedaghi, Mehdi, Tehran: Zehn AvIz. 2019
 
6. Kalantari M, Bagheri F, & Sadeghi MS. Effectiveness of educational program for enhancement of intimacy based on Iranian Native Culture on marital satisfaction of couples. J Appl Psychol.2018;12(1):7-24. https://sid.ir/paper/151833/fa [Persian]
 
7. Brisini KSC, & Solomon DH. Distinguishing relational turbulence, marital satisfaction, and parenting stress as predictors of ineffective arguing among parents of children with autism. J Soc Pers Relat. 2021;38(1):65-83. doi:10.1177/0265407520958197
https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407520958197
 
8. Kaabomeir N, & Pirzadeh A. Comparison of Marital Satisfaction, Intimacy and Sexual Function in Female Nurses with Fixed and Changing Shiftwork. Iran J Ergon. 2020;8(3):59-69. doi:10.30699/jergon.8.3.59
https://doi.org/10.30699/jergon.8.3.59
 
9. Mozas AM, Oliver J, & Berástegui A. Differentiation of self and its relationship with marital satisfaction and parenting styles in a Spanish sample of adolescents' parents. PLoS One. 2022;17(3):e0265436. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265436
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265436
PMid:35320300 PMCid:PMC8942213
 
10. Peeters N, van Passel B, & Krans J. The effectiveness of schema therapy for patients with anxiety disorders, OCD, or PTSD: A systematic review and research agenda. Br J Health Psychol.2022;61(3):579-597. https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bjc.12324
https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12324
PMid:34296767 PMCid:PMC9544733
 
11. Arntz A, Jacob GA, Lee CW, Brand-de Wilde OM, Fassbinder E, Harper RP, & Farrell JM. Effectiveness of Predominantly Group Schema Therapy and Combined Individual and Group Schema Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA psychiatry.2022;79(4):287-299. https://doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0010
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0010
PMid:35234828 PMCid:PMC8892362
 
12. Koppers D, Van H, Peen J, & Dekker JJ. Psychological symptoms, early maladaptive schemas and schema modes: predictors of the outcome of group schema therapy in patients with personality disorders. Res Psychother. 2021;31(7):831-842. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2020.1852482
https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2020.1852482
PMid:33272104
 
13. Louis JP, Ortiz V, Barlas J, Lee JS, Lockwood G, Chong WF, Sim P. The Good Enough Parenting early intervention schema therapy based program: Participant experience. PLoS One.2021;16(1): e0243508. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243508
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243508
PMid:33481822 PMCid:PMC7822299
 
14. Ahmadzadeh aghdam E, Karimiani P, Mahmoud Goudarzi M, Moradi O. The Effectiveness of Couple Therapy with Schema Therapy Approach on Disaffection and Marital Commitment in Couples. IJPN.2020;8(5):1-13. https://sid.ir/paper/411598/fa
 
15. Hemmati M, Maddahi ME, Khalatbari J, Hosseynian S. The comparison of the effect of the couples' participation in psycho-educational sessions of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on marital burnout. J Fam Couns Psychother. Family Counseling & Psychotherapy .2017;7(1):103-124. https://sid.ir/paper/201756/fa
 
16. Lipak KG, Rausch JR, Fisher RS, Prussien KV, Clark OE, Kenney AE .., & Gerhardt CA. The impact of CNS-directed treatment on quality of life in childhood cancer survivors. Qual Life Res.2022;31(3):817-829. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-021-02984-1
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-021-02984-1
PMid:34455525 PMCid:PMC8882709
 
17. Saxby K, Nickson C, Mann GB, Park A, Bromley H, Velentzis L, & Petrie D. Moving beyond the stage: how characteristics at diagnosis dictate treatment and treatment-related quality of life year losses for women with early stage invasive breast cancer. PharmacoEcon Outcomes Res.2021;21(4):847-857. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737167.2021.1857735
https://doi.org/10.1080/14737167.2021.1857735
PMid:33253057
 
18. Najarpour S, Ostadi B, Akbari J, Khalatbari, Babapour Kheiraldin, J. The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Quality-of-Life Therapy Techniques Training and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy on Distress Tolerance among Female Students with Smartphones Addiction. Psychol Achieve.2020;27 (2):25-48. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22286144.1399.27.2.2.6 [Persian]
 
19. Najarzadegan F, & Farhadi H. The effectiveness of quality of life therapy on communication skills, addiction to cyberspace, marital satisfaction, and emotional self-regulation in couples. J Pycho Sci.2019;18(74):247-256.‏
 
https://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-252-fa.html
 
20. Rafiezadeh F, & Zarehneyestanak M. The Role of Lovemaking Styles in Predicting Emotional Divorce of women with marital conflict. J Appl Couns.2021;11(1):39-58.‏ https://jac.scu.ac.ir/article_16906_en.html?lang=fa [Persian]
 
21. Bakhtiari E, Hosseini S, Arefi M, Afsharinia K. Causal Model of Extramarital Affairs Based on Attachment Styles and Early Maladaptive Schemas: Mediating Role of Marital Intimacy and Love Styles. Iran J Health Educ Health Promote.2019;7(2):245-258. http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-1152-fa.html
https://doi.org/10.30699/ijhehp.7.2.245
 
22. Gaeini A, Shojaeifard A. Analytical statistics and its applications. Jahan E Jam E Jam. 2018 [Persian]
 
23. Smith PL, & Little DR. Small is beautiful: In defense of the small-N design. PBR. 2018;25: 2083-2101. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-018-1451-8
https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-018-1451-8
PMid:29557067 PMCid:PMC6267527
 
24. Koleshtajani EJ, Zabihi R, & Yekta MA. The effectiveness of reality therapy on sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy of infertile women. J Educ Health Promot.2022;11.‏ https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1106_21
https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1106_21
PMid:36325233 PMCid:PMC9621354
 
25. Luo W, & Yu J. Sexual infidelity among the married in China. Chin J Sociol. 2022;8(3):374-397.‏ https://doi.org/10.1177/2057150X221108574
https://doi.org/10.1177/2057150X221108574
 
26. Walker AJ, & Thompson, L. Intimacy and intergenerational aid and contact among mothers and daughters. J Marriage Fam. 1983;841-849.‏ https://www.jstor.org/stable/351796
https://doi.org/10.2307/351796
 
27. Khazai S. Investigating the effect of differentiation training on the level of intimacy and differentiation of couples. Master's thesis, Tarbiat Moalem University of Tehran. 2006.
 
28. Young JE, Klosko JS, & Weishaar ME. Schema therapy. New York: Guilford. 2003;254:653-65. https://www.guilford.com/books/Schema-Therapy/Young-Klosko-Weishaar/9781593853723
 
29. Frisch MB. Quality of life therapy: Applying a life satisfaction approach to positive psychology and cognitive therapy. John Wiley & Sons. 2005 https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=hKh-lWbYdi4C&oi
 
30. Asgari A, Goodarzi K. Effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy on Marital Intimacy among Couples on the Brink of Divorce. Sal Ij.2019;6(2):174-185. http://doi.org/10.22037/ch.v6i2.23281.
 
31. Nikamal M, Salehi M, Bermas H. Effectiveness of Schema Therapy based on Emotional on Marital satisfaction, of Couple. J Psychol Stud. 2018;13(4):157-175. https://doi.org/10.22051/psy.2017.17242.1489 [Persian]
 
32. Yousefi Z, & Sobhani M. The effectiveness of quality of life therapy on burnout and it's dimensions among female workers. J Car Org Couns.2018;10(4):9-30.‏ https://jcoc.sbu.ac.ir/article_99905.html
 
33. Ezatolah Ghadampour E, Leila Heidaryani L, Barzeghar Bafrooeii M. The Effectiveness of Quality-of-Life Therapy on Psychological Well-being, Resiliency, Marital Satisfaction in Wives of Veterans. J Mil Med.2019;21(1):22-31. https://sid.ir/paper/62093/fa
 
34. Adl HAS, Pirani Z, & Shafi'abadi A. The Impact of Group Psychotherapy Based on Quality of Life on Marital Commitment among Infertile Women. J Wom Fam Cul Edu.2019;13(45):97-115.‏ https://cwfs.ihu.ac.ir/article_204432.html [Persian]
 
35. Alizadeh Asli A, & Jafar Nezhad Langroudi Z. The effectiveness of schema therapy based on acceptance and mindfulness in intimacy, adaptation and resiliency in persons with marital conflicts in couples of city Karaj. Int J Enteric Pathog. 2018;7(3):248-256.‏ http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/aums.7.3.248.
https://doi.org/10.29252/aums.7.3.248