Evidence-based Non-drug Interventions in the Management of the Psychological Consequences of the Prevalence Covid-19: A Systematic Review

Rajab Dizavandi, Fatemeh; Heydari, Abbas; Rajab Dizavandi, Ahmad

doi:10.30483/rijm.2023.254377.1201

Evidence-based Non-drug Interventions in the Management of the Psychological Consequences of the Prevalence Covid-19: A Systematic Review

Document Type : Review Article/ Systematic Review Article/ Meta Analysis

Authors

¹ Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

² Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

10.30483/rijm.2023.254377.1201

Abstract

Background: Patients of Covid-19 are susceptible to suffering of psychological disorders such as anxiety, worry, fear, hopelessness, confusion, insomnia and depression.

Objectives: The present study aimed to reviewing Evidence-based non-drug interventions in the management of the psychological consequences of the prevalence covid 19.

Methods: The present systematic review article was conducted by searching and screening related studies on databases of Scopus, Cochrane, Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, in accordance with the PICO scale and PRISMA guidelines during the prevalence covid 19.

Results: Of the eight selected papers, two were in children and six in adults. In patients with a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19, a significant effect of internet-based integrated intervention was shown to reduce depression and anxiety (P<0.001). Online psychoeducational interventions resulted in a significant difference in increasing resilience (P=0.04) and reducing perceived stress of patients (P=0.01). Jacobson’s relaxation technique intervention in COVID-19 patients indicated statistically significant difference in improving quality of sleep and decreases anxiety (P<0.001). The results of respiratory rehabilitation interventions and stretching exercises in COVID-19 patients were associated with improved pulmonary function tests, a significant increase in quality of life scores, and a significant decrease in depression and anxiety scores. Digital cognitive behavioral therapy significantly reduced depression and stress (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Psychological intervention can decrease depression and anxiety in healthy and patients of COVID-19 during a disease outbreak. Therefore, different psychological approaches can be effective in reducing anxiety during this stressful period.

Keywords

Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

1. Yang Y, Sun S, Hu S, Tang C, Zhang Y, Lin H. Comparative effectiveness of multiple psychological interventions for psychological crisis in people affected by coronavirus disease 2019: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Front Psychol. 2021;12:577187. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.577187. [PubMed: 33692715]. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.577187 PMid:33692715 PMCid:PMC7937808

2. Farnoosh G, Alishiri G, Zijoud S, Dorostkar R, Farahani AJ. Understanding the 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) based on available evidence-a narrative review. J Mil Med. 2020;22(1):1-1.

3. Blake H, Bermingham F, Johnson G, Tabner A. Mitigating the psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: a digital learning package. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):2997. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17092997. [PubMed: 32357424]. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17092997 PMid:32357424 PMCid:PMC7246821

4. Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, Carnaghi G, Faleri S, Trebbi E, et al. Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Riv Psichiatr. 2020;55(3):137-44. doi: 10.1708/3382.33569. [PubMed: 32489190].

5. Bao Y, Sun Y, Meng S, Shi J, Lu L. 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. lancet. 2020;395(10224):e37-8. doi:10.1016/So140-6736(20)30309-3. [PubMed: 32043982]. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30309-3 PMid:32043982

6. Rahmanian M, Kamali A, Mosalanezhad H, Foroughian M, Kalani N, Hatami N, Heidarnezhad M, Dost ER, Abiri S. Evaluation of anxiety of medical and non-medical staff in exposure and non-exposure to new corona virus (Covid-19). J Arak Uni Med Sci. 2020;23(5):710-22. doi: 10.32598/JAMS.23.COV.3577.3. https://doi.org/10.32598/JAMS.23.COV.3577.3

7. Rajeswari S, SanjeevaReddy N. Efficacy of progressive muscle relaxation on pregnancy outcome among anxious Indian primi mothers. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2020;25(1):23. doi: 10.4103/ ijnmr .IJNMR-207-18. [PubMed: 31956594]. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_207_18 PMid:31956594 PMCid:PMC6952921

8. Wu W, Zhang Y, Wang P, Zhang L, Wang G, Lei G, et al. Psychological stress of medical staffs during outbreak of COVID‐19 and adjustment strategy. J Med Virol. 2020;92(10):1962-70. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25914. [PubMed: 32314806]. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25914 PMid:32314806 PMCid:PMC7264502

9. Petzold MB, Plag J, Ströhle A. Dealing with psychological distress by healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemia. Nervenarzt. 2020;91(5):417-21. doi: 10.1007/s00115-020-00905-0. [PubMed: 32221635]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-020-00905-0 PMid:32221635 PMCid:PMC7100457

10. Huang Y, Zhao N. Mental health burden for the public affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in China: Who will be the high-risk group?. Psychol Health Med. 2021;26(1):23-34. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1754438. [PubMed:32286091]. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2020.1754438 PMid:32286091

11. Duan L, Zhu G. Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):300-2. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30073-0. [PubMed: 32085840]. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30073-0 PMid:32085840

12. Ahmed H, Patel K, Greenwood DC, Halpin S, Lewthwaite P, Salawu A, et al. Long-term clinical outcomes in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS) outbreaks after hospitalisation or ICU admission: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Rehabil Med. 2020;52(5):1-11. doi: 10.2340/16501977-2694. [PubMed: 32449782]. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2694 PMid:32449782

13. Mazza MG, De Lorenzo R, Conte C, Poletti S, Vai B, Bollettini I, et al. Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;89:594-600. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.037. [PubMed: 32738287]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.037 PMid:32738287 PMCid:PMC7390748

14. Dai LL, Wang X, Jiang TC, Li PF, Wang Y, Wu SJ, et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China. Plos one. 2020;15(8):e0238416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238416. [PubMed: 32857826]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238416 PMid:32857826 PMCid:PMC7454940

15. Zhang J, Wu W, Zhao X, Zhang W. Recommended psychological crisis intervention response to the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in China: a model of West China Hospital. Precis Clin Med. 2020;3(1):3-8. doi: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa006. [PubMed: 35960676]. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa006 PMid:35960676 PMCid:PMC7107095

16. Jeong H, Yim HW, Song Y-J, Ki M, Min J-A, Cho J, et al. Mental health status of people isolated due to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016048. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2016048. [PubMed: 28196409]. https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016048 PMid:28196409 PMCid:PMC5177805

17. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395(10227):912-20. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8. [PubMed: 32112714]. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8 PMid:32112714

18. de Terte I, Stephens C, Huddleston L. The development of a three part model of psychological resilience. Stress Health. 2014;30(5):416-24. doi: 10.1002/smi.2625. [PubMed: 25476966]. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2625 PMid:25476966

19. Parks AC, Williams AL, Tugade MM, Hokes KE, Honomichl RD, Zilca RD. Testing a scalable web and smartphone based intervention to improve depression, anxiety, and resilience: A randomized controlled trial. IJW. 2018;8(2). doi: 10.5502/ijw.v8i2.745. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v8i2.745

20. Rogers JP, Chesney E, Oliver D, Pollak TA, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P, et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(7):611-27. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30203-0. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30203-0 PMid:32437679

21. Qi R, Chen W, Liu S, Thompson PM, Zhang LJ, Xia F, et al. Psychological morbidities and fatigue in patients with confirmed COVID-19 during disease outbreak: prevalence and associated biopsychosocial risk factors. MedRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.05.08.20031666. [PubMed: 32511502]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.08.20031666

22. Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Kustrin E, Gegechkori V, Morton D. Anxiolytic terpenoids and aromatherapy for anxiety and depression. Reviews on New Drug Targets in Age-Related Disorders. 2020:283-96. doi: 10.1007/978-3--030-42667-5-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_11 PMid:32304038

23. Huang J, Zheng Y, Gao D, Hu M, Yuan T. Effects of exercise on depression, anxiety, cognitive control, craving, physical fitness and quality of life in methamphetamine-dependent patients. Front Psychiatry. 2020;10:999. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00999. [PubMed:32047445]. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00999 PMid:32047445 PMCid:PMC6997340

24. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group*. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ. 2009;151(4):264-9. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2535. [PubMed:19622551]. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535 PMid:19622551 PMCid:PMC2714657

25. Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJM, Gavaghan DJ, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary?. Control Clin Trials. 1996;17(1):1-2. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(95)00134-4. [PubMed:8721797]. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(95)00134-4 PMid:8721797

26. Wei N, Huang BC, Lu SJ, Hu JB, Zhou XY, Hu CC, et al. Efficacy of internet-based integrated intervention on depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with COVID-19. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2020;21(5):400-4. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B2010013. [PubMed: 32425006]. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2010013 PMid:32425006 PMCid:PMC7203540

27. Shaygan M, Yazdani Z, Valibeygi A. The effect of online multimedia psychoeducational interventions on the resilience and perceived stress of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a pilot cluster randomized parallel-controlled trial. BMC psychiatry. 2021;21(1):1-2. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03085-6. [PubMed: 33573631]. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03085-6 PMid:33573631 PMCid:PMC7877318

28. Liu K, Chen Y, Wu D, Lin R, Wang Z, Pan L. Effects of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety and sleep quality in patients with COVID-19. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020;39:101132. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101132. [PubMed: 32379667]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101132 PMid:32379667 PMCid:PMC7102525

29. Liu K, Zhang W, Yang Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Chen Y. Respiratory rehabilitation in elderly patients with COVID-19: A randomized controlled study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020;39:101166. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101166. [PubMed: 32379637]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101166 PMid:32379637 PMCid:PMC7118596

30. Cheng P, Casement MD, Kalmbach DA, Castelan AC, Drake CL. Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia promotes later health resilience during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Sleep. 2021;44(4):zsaa258. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa258.[PubMed:33249492]. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa258 PMid:33249492 PMCid:PMC7798633

31. Tang Y, Jiang J, Shen P, Li M, You H, Liu C, et al. Liuzijue is a promising exercise option for rehabilitating discharged COVID-19 patients. Medicine. 2021;100(6):e24564. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000024564. [PubMed: 33578552]. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000024564 PMid:33578552 PMCid:PMC7886442

32. Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J autoimmun. 2020;109:102433. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433. [PubMed:32113704]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433 PMid:32113704 PMCid:PMC7127067

33. WHO G. Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). World Health Organization. 2020.

34. Bo H-X, Li W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Cheung T, et al. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with COVID-19 in China. Psychol Med. 2021;51(6):1052-3. doi: 10.1017/S0033291720000999. [PubMed: 32216863]. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720000999 PMid:32216863 PMCid:PMC7200846

35. Liu N, Zhang F, Wei C, Jia Y, Shang Z, Sun L, et al. Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287:112921. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112921. [PubMed:32240896]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112921 PMid:32240896 PMCid:PMC7102622

36. Zhang J, Lu H, Zeng H, Zhang S, Du Q, Jiang T, et al. The differential psychological distress of populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:49. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.031. [PubMed: 32304883]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.031 PMid:32304883 PMCid:PMC7156946

37. Benros ME, Waltoft BL, Nordentoft M, Østergaard SD, Eaton WW, Krogh J, et al. Autoimmune diseases and severe infections as risk factors for mood disorders: a nationwide study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70(8):812-20. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.1111. [PubMed: 23760347]. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.1111 PMid:23760347

38. Köhler O, Petersen L, Mors O, Mortensen P, Yolken R, Gasse C, et al. Infections and exposure to anti‐infective agents and the risk of severe mental disorders: a nationwide study. Acta Psychiatri Scand. 2017;135(2):97-105. doi: 10.1111/acps.12671. [PubMed:27870529]. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12671 PMid:27870529

39. Cheng SK, Wong C, Tsang J, Wong K. Psychological distress and negative appraisals in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Psychol Med. 2004;34(7):1187-95. doi: 10.1017/s0033291704002272. [PubMed: 15697045]. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291704002272 PMid:15697045

40. Troyer EA, Kohn JN, Hong S. Are we facing a crashing wave of neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19? Neuropsychiatric symptoms and potential immunologic mechanisms. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:34-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.027. [PubMed:32298803]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.027 PMid:32298803 PMCid:PMC7152874

41. Galea S, Merchant RM, Lurie N. The mental health consequences of COVID-19 and physical distancing: the need for prevention and early intervention. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(6):817-8. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1562. [PubMed: 32275292]. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1562 PMid:32275292

42. Cheng P, Kalmbach DA, Castelan AC, Murugan N, Drake CL. Depression prevention in digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: Is rumination a mediator?. J Affect Disord. 2020;273:434-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.184. [PubMed: 32560938]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.184 PMid:32560938

43. Dimidjian S, Goodman S. Nonpharmacological intervention and prevention strategies for depression during pregnancy and the postpartum. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2009;52(3):498-515. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181b52da6. [PubMed: 19661764]. https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181b52da6 PMid:19661764 PMCid:PMC5805470

44. Yohannes AM, Junkes-Cunha M, Smith J, Vestbo J. Management of dyspnea and anxiety in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a critical review. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017;18(12):1096. e1- 17. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.09.007. [PubMed: 29108885]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2017.09.007 PMid:29108885

45. Rajab Dizavandi A, Shakiba A, Rastaghi S, Rad M. The effect of telenursing on the self-efficacy of covid-19 patients after discharge from hospital. EBCJ. 2021;11(3):44-52. doi: 10.22038/EBCJ.2021.59841.2551.

46. Bagheri Majd R, Ghale'ei A, Mohajeran B, Sedghi Bokani N, Eslahi M. Comparison of Commitment to Pedagogy in E-Learning and Traditional Training in Iran Higher Education System. Educ Strategy Med Sci. 2014;7(4):221-7.

47. Bawardi-Shomar L. Principals' attitudes toward the inclusion of students with disabilities in elementary schools in California 2012.

Razavi International Journal of Medicine

Evidence-based Non-drug Interventions in the Management of the Psychological Consequences of the Prevalence Covid-19: A Systematic Review

References

Volume 11, Issue 2
May 2023
Pages 1-9

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics

Evidence-based Non-drug Interventions in the Management of the Psychological Consequences of the Prevalence Covid-19: A Systematic Review

References

Volume 11, Issue 2May 2023Pages 1-9

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics

Volume 11, Issue 2
May 2023
Pages 1-9