Effectiveness of Stress Immunization on Resilience, Anger Rumination, and Perceived Stress Among Women with Hypertension

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Health Psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.

3 Department of Psychology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran.

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a chronic disease that requires long-term treatment, which, despite being asymptomatic, leads to fatal complaints and complications.
Objective: The aim of this study was to show the effectiveness of stress immunization on resilience and anger rumination and perceived stress in women with hypertension.
Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental research using a pre-test, post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all women with hypertension in Tehran in 2019. The sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15). Data were obtained using Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (2003), Anger Rumination Questionnaire (2001), Cohen et al. Perceived Stress Scale (1983), and blood pressure gauge. For data analysis, the Mancova method and variance analysis with repeated measurement and SPSS.22 software was performed.
Results: The results showed that the effectiveness of stress immunization was effective on resilience (P<0.001) and anger rumination (P<0.001) and perceived stress (P<0.001) in women with hypertension.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that stress immunization was effective in increasing resilience, reducing anger rumination, and perceived stress in women with hypertension.

Keywords

References

 1. Banegas JR, Ruilope LM, de la Sierra A,
Vinyoles E, Gorostidi M, de la Cruz JJ, Ruiz-Hurtado G,
Segura J, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Williams B.
Relationship between clinic and ambulatory bloodpressure measurements and mortality. New England
Journal of Medicine. 2018 Apr 19;378(16):1509-20.
2. Ettehad D, Emdin CA, Kiran A, Anderson SG,
Callender T, Emberson J, Chalmers J, Rodgers A,
Rahimi K. Blood pressure lowering for prevention of
cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review
and meta-analysis. The Lancet. 2016 Mar
5;387(10022):957-67.
3. Flynn JT, Kaelber DC, Baker-Smith CM,
Blowey D, Carroll AE, Daniels SR, de Ferranti SD,
Dionne JM, Falkner B, Flinn SK, Gidding SS. Clinical
practice guideline for screening and management of high
blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics.
2017 Sep 1;140(3).
4. Muntner P, Carey RM, Gidding S, Jones DW,
Taler SJ, Wright Jr JT, Whelton PK. Potential US
population impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA high blood
pressure guideline. Circulation. 2018 Jan 9;137(2):109-
18.
5. Lonn EM, Bosch J, López-Jaramillo P, Zhu J,
Liu L, Pais P, Diaz R, Xavier D, Sliwa K, Dans A,
Avezum A. Blood-pressure lowering in intermediate-risk
persons without cardiovascular disease. New England
Journal of Medicine. 2016 May 26;374(21):2009-20.
6. Heinen I, Bullinger M, Kocalevent RD.
Perceived stress in first year medical students
Resilience 9.74 1 9.74 31.93 0.001 0.57
Anger rumination 7.25 1 7.25 49.24 0.001 0.67
Perceived stress 4.18 1 18.4 13.05 0.001 0.35

Sadeghlou E et al.
Razavi Int J Med. 2022; 10(2):e1072. 11
associations with personal resources and emotional
distress. BMC medical education. 2017 Dec;17(1):1-4.
7. Klein EM, Brähler E, Dreier M, Reinecke L,
Müller KW, Schmutzer G, Wölfling K, Beutel ME. The
German version of the Perceived Stress Scale–
psychometric characteristics in a representative German
community sample. BMC psychiatry. 2016 Dec;16(1):1-
10.
8. Adams DR, Meyers SA, Beidas RS. The
relationship between financial strain, perceived stress,
psychological symptoms, and academic and social
integration in undergraduate students. Journal of
American college health. 2016 Jul 3;64(5):362-70.
9. Mathur MB, Epel E, Kind S, Desai M, Parks
CG, Sandler DP, Khazeni N. Perceived stress and
telomere length: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and
methodologic considerations for advancing the field.
Brain, behavior, and immunity. 2016 May 1; 54:158-69.
10. Sommer F, Anderson JM, Bharti R, Raes J,
Rosenstiel P. The resilience of the intestinal microbiota
influences health and disease. Nature Reviews
Microbiology. 2017 Oct;15(10):630-8.
11. Chmitorz A, Kunzler A, Helmreich I, Tüscher
O, Kalisch R, Kubiak T, Wessa M, Lieb K. Intervention
studies to foster resilience–A systematic review and
proposal for a resilience framework in future
intervention studies. Clinical Psychology Review. 2018
Feb 1; 59:78-100.
12. Hashemi Fesharaki M, Shahgholian N, Kashani
F. Evaluation of the effectiveness of group immunization
training against stress on stress, anxiety and depression
in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Urmia Journal of
Nursing and Midwifery. 2016; 114 (1): 88-99.
13. Sohrabi, F,. Darini, M., Davoodi, H. The
Effectiveness of Stress Immunization Training (SIT)
Method in Reducing Stress, Anxiety and Depression in
Working Women. 2012; 2 (5): 28-49.
14. Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of a
new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience
scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and anxiety. 2003
Sep;18(2):76-82.
15. Ariapooran S, Khezeli M. Suicidal ideation
among divorced women in Kermanshah, Iran: the role of
social support and psychological resilience. Iranian
Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. 2018 Dec
31;12(4).
16. Sukhodolsky DG, Golub A, Cromwell EN.
Development and validation of the anger rumination
scale. Personality and individual differences. 2001 Oct
1;31(5):689-700.
17. Ali Besharat M, Pourbohlool S. Mediation
effect of anger rumination on the relationship between
dimensions of anger and anger control with mental
health. International Journal of Psychological Research.
2012 Jul;5(2):24-36.
18. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. Perceived
stress scale. Measuring stress: A guide for health and
social scientists. 1994; 10:1-2.
19. Khosravi M, Nikmanesh Z. Relationship of
spiritual intelligence with resilience and perceived stress.
Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences.
2014;8(4):52.
20. Meichenbaum D. Stress-inoculation training.
InCognitive-behavior modification 1977 (pp. 143-182).
Springer, Boston, MA.
21. Askari A, Tajeri B, Sobhi Gharamaleki N,
Hatami M. Effectiveness of Stress Immunization on
Psychological Well-Being, Depression and Blood Sugar
in Pregnant Women with Mitral Valve Prolapse. Iranian
Journal of Psychiatric Nursing. 2021 Feb 10;8(6):0-.
22. Shin R, Nichlany A. The Effects of Stress
Inoculation Training in a High Stress Simulated Medical
Environment. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine:
Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health.
2018;19(4.1).
23. Hourani L, Tueller S, Kizakevich P, Lewis G,
Strange L, Weimer B, Bryant S, Bishop E, Hubal R,
Spira J. Toward preventing post-traumatic stress
disorder: development and testing of a pilot
predeployment stress inoculation training program.
Military medicine. 2016 Sep 1;181(9):1151-60.
24. Ritchie C, Kenardy J, Smeets R, Sterling M.
Erratum to ‘StressModEx–Physiotherapist-led Stress
Inoculation Training integrated with exercise for acute
whiplash injury: study protocol for a randomised
controlled trial’ [JPHYS 61/3 (2015) 157]. Journal of
physiotherapy. 2016 Apr 1;62(2):59. 
Razavi International Journal of Medicine
Volume 10, Issue 2
April 2022
Pages 7-11

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics