Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy on Irrational Beliefs and Anxiety among People with Borderline Personality Disorder

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Psychology, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran

2 Department of Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

Abstract

Background: It is necessary to help people with a personality disorder solve the problems related to this disorder and recognize the factors affecting irrational beliefs and anxiety and improve them using different approaches.
 
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on irrational beliefs and anxiety among people with a borderline personality disorder.
 
Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest control group design and follow-up. The statistical population included women diagnosed with bipolar disorder referring to a counseling center in Tehran, Iran, within January-March 2020. The samples were selected by the convenience sampling method due to limitations in the sampling of patients. The research tools used to collect the necessary data included questionnaires, namely the Borderline Personality Test (1984), Beck Anxiety Questionnaire (1997), and Jones Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire (1968). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using the repeated measure analysis of variance.
 
Results: The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy had a significant effect on decreasing anxiety (P<0.001) and irrational beliefs (P<0.001).
 
Conclusion: It can be concluded that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy affected irrational beliefs and anxiety among people with a borderline personality disorder.
 

Keywords

Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

1. Vahia VN. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5: A quick glance. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;55(3):220-241. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.117131
https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.117131
PMid:24082241 PMCid:PMC3777342
 
2. Fischer-Kern M, Doering S, Taubner S, Hörz S, Zimmermann J, Rentrop M, Schuster P, Buchheim P, Buchheim A. Transference-focused psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: Change in reflective function. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2015 Aug;207(2):173-4. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.143842
https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.143842
PMid:25999334
 
3. Sundag J, Ascone L, de Matos Marques A, Moritz S & et.al. Elucidating the role of Early Maladaptive Schemas for psychotic symptomatology. Psychiatry Research. 2016; 2 (38):53-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.008
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.008
PMid:27086211
 
4. Van Wijk-Herbrink MF, Bernstein DP, Broers NJ, Roelofs J, Rijkeboer MM, & et.al. Internalizing and externalizing behaviors share a common predictor: The effects of early maladaptive schemas are mediated by coping responses and schema modes. Journal of abnormal child psychology. 2018;46(5):907-920. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0386-2
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0386-2
PMid:29330671 PMCid:PMC6010490
 
5. Hoffart Lunding S, Hoffart A. Perceived parental bonding, early maladaptive schemas and outcome in schema therapy of cluster c personality problems. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2016;23(2):107-117. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1938
https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1938
PMid:25425509
 
6. Barazandeh H, Kissane DW, Saeedi N, Gordon M. A systematic review of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and borderline personality disorder/traits. Personality and Individual Differences. 2016; 9 (4(:130-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.021
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.021
 
7. TURNER M, Moore M. Irrational beliefs predict increased emotional and physical exhaustion in Gaelic football athletes. International journal of sport psychology. 2016;47(2):187-201.
 
8. DiGiuseppe R, Leaf R, Gorman B, Robin MW. The development of a measure of irrational/rational beliefs. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy.2018;36(1):47-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-017-0273-3
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-017-0273-3
 
9. Cunningham R, Turner MJ. Using Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) with Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) athletes to reduce irrational beliefs and increase unconditional self-acceptance. Journal of Rational-Emotive&Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2016;34(4):289-309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-016-0240-4
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-016-0240-4
 
10. Fairbrother N, Janssen P, Antony MM, Tucker E, Young AH. Perinatal anxiety disorder prevalence and incidence. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2016; 20(1):148-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.082
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.082
PMid:27131505
 
11. Coles ME, Ravid A, Gibb B, George-Denn D, Bronstein LR, & et.al. Adolescent mental health literacy: young people's knowledge of depression and social anxiety disorder. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2016;58(1):57-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.09.017
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.09.017
PMid:26707229
 
12. Asher M, Asnaani A, Aderka IM. Gender differences in social anxiety disorder: A review. Clinical psychology review.2017;5(6):10-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.05.004
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.05.004
PMid:28578248
 
13. Costa J, Marôco J, Pinto‐Gouveia J, Ferreira C, Castilho P. Validation of the psychometric properties of the Self‐Compassion Scale. Testing the factorial validity and factorial invariance of the measure among borderline personality disorder, anxiety disorder, eating disorder and general populations. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy.2016;23(5):460-478. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1974
https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1974
PMid:26289027
 
14. Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Ghosh SS, Nieto-Castanon A, Saygin Z, Doehrmann O, & et.al. Brain connectomics predict response to treatment in social anxiety disorder. Molecular psychiatry. 2016;21(5):680-695. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2015.109
https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2015.109
PMid:26260493
 
15. McCauley E, Berk MS, Asarnow JR, Adrian M, Cohen J, & et.al. Harned M, Gallop R, Linehan MM. Efficacy of mindfulness based cognitive therapy for adolescents at high risk for suicide: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry. 2018;75(8):777-795. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1109
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1109
PMid:29926087 PMCid:PMC6584278
 
16. Mehlum L, Ramberg M, Tørmoen AJ, Haga E, Diep LM & et.al. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy compared with enhanced usual care for adolescents with repeated suicidal and self-harming behavior: outcomes over a one-year follow-up. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016 ;55(4):295-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.01.005
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.01.005
PMid:27015720
 
17. Kabat-Zinn J. Some reflections on the origins of MBSR, skillful means, and the trouble with maps. Contemporary Buddhism. 2011 May 1;12(1):281-306.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2011.564844
 
18. Sado M, Park S, Ninomiya A, Sato Y, Fujisawa D, Shirahase J, Mimura M. Feasibility study of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxiety disorders in a Japanese setting. BMC research notes. 2018 Dec;11(1):1-7.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3744-4
PMid:30189900 PMCid:PMC6127937
 
19. Claridge G, Broks P. Schizotypy and hemisphere function-I: Theoretical considerations and the measurement of schizotypy. Personality and Individual Differences.1984;5(6):633-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(84)90111-9
https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(84)90111-9
 
20. Shafiee Tabar M. The Role of Defense Styles and Defense Mechanisms in Prediction of Features of Borderline Personality in Non clinical Samples. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2018;11(4):147-151.
 
21. Beck AT, Steer RA. Beck anxiety inventory (BAI). Überblick über Reliabilitäts-und Validitätsbefunde von klinischen und außerklinischen Selbst-und Fremdbeurteilungsverfahren. 1988:7 (1): 24-35. https://doi.org/10.1037/t02025-000
https://doi.org/10.1037/t02025-000
 
22. Kaviani H, Mousavi AS. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Tehran University Medical Journal. 2008.5 (3): 87-99.
 
23. Jones RG. A factored measure of Ellis' irrational belief system with personality and maladjustment correlates. 1968: 8 (3):45-61.
 
24. Hojjat SK, Golmakanie E, Khalili MN, Smaili H, Hamidi M, & et.al. Personality traits and irrational beliefs in parents of substance-dependent adolescents: A comparative study. Journal of Child & Adolescent SubstanceAbuse.2016;25(4):340-357. https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2015.1012612
https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2015.1012612
 
25. Helmes E, Ward BG. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxiety symptoms in older adults in residential care. Aging & mental health. 2017 Mar 4;21(3):272-8.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2015.1111862
PMid:26565928
 
26. Yousefi E, Khosravi E, Heyari F, Ghiasvand M, Nayebpour S. The effectiveness of the intervention of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on reducing irrational beliefs, cognitive emotion regulation, coping styles in patients with tension headaches and migraines in Najaf Abad Township. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (IJHCS) ISSN 2356-5926. 2016 Jun 28:1967-77.
 
27. Docteur A, Mirabel-Sarron C, Lefèvre HK, Sala L, Husky M, Swendsen J, Gorwood P. Role of autobiographical memory in the impact of MBCT on dysfunctional attitudes, depressive symptoms and anxiety in bipolar I patients. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020 Nov 1;276:907-13.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.072
PMid:32739709
 
28. Cotton S, Luberto CM, Sears RW, Strawn JR, Stahl L,WassonRS,Blom TJ, Delbello MP. Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy for youth with anxiety disorders at risk for bipolar disorder: A pilot trial. Early Intervention in Psychiatry. 2016 Oct;10(5):426-34.
https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.12216
PMid:25582800
 
29. Wong SY, Yip BH, Mak WW, Mercer S, Cheung EY, Ling CY, Lui WW, Tang WK, Lo HH, Wu JC, Lee TM. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016 Jul;209(1):68-75.
https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124
PMid:26846612
 
30. Sepanta M, Shirzad M, Bamdad S. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on catastrophizing and anxiety associated with pain in adolescents with leukemia. International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture. 2019 Mar 17:27-34.
 
31. Burgess EE, Selchen S, Diplock BD, Rector NA. A Brief Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) Intervention as a Population-Level Strategy for Anxiety and Depression. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy. 2021 Jun;14(2):380-98.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41811-021-00105-x
PMid:33897938 PMCid:PMC8057287
 
32. 3Thomas R, Chur-Hansen A, Turner M. A systematic review of studies on the use of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for the treatment of anxiety and depression in older people. Mindfulness. 2020 Jul;11(7):1599-609.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01336-3
Razavi International Journal of Medicine
Volume 9, Issue 4
October 2021
Pages 73-80

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics