Mashhad Razavi Hospital Razavi Journal of Medicine 3115-753X 5 4 2017 09 30 Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Persian Version of Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-42): Non-Clinical Sample 1 7 113538 10.30483/RIJM.2018.90 EN Mojtaba Habibi Ph.D in Health Psychology, Department of Health Psychology, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Dehghani Associate Professor of Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Minoo Pooravari PhD Candidate of Counseling, Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran Somaieh Salehi Lecturer and Psychologist, PhD of Counseling, Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-2749-9633 Journal Article 2017 01 24 Background: Based on historical viewpoint, relationship among depression, anxiety and stress attracted clinical and theoretical consideration. Despite the relative overlap of these psychological disorders in general, these three syndromes are distinctive in terms of theoretically and conceptually aspects. Objectives: The aim of current study is investigation confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric characteristics of Iranian version of depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-42) in student’s population. Methods: The student sample n = 664 studied in current study. The method of estimation Weighted Least Squares (WLS) used to investigate the confirmatory factor structure of this sample. NNFI, RMR, RMSEA, CFI, AGFI, GFI, ECVI, X2, X2 / df, were used to assess the adequacy of model fitness with data. In this study, MMPI -2 questionnaire, Cattell anxiety scale, and Beck depression inventory were used as criterion validity. Results: The results suggest DASS-42 scale had satisfactory internal consistency, test-retest validity and concurrent reliability. The results showed three factors with first class fitted better with data and DASS-42 scale had desirable construct validity of student sample. Conclusions: The resultsshowed confirmatory factor structure and validity of this tool for application usages and clinical diagnosis are acceptable.

https://journal.razavihospital.ir/article_113538_190071dea4715a5e87a558322d086cf8.pdf

Mashhad Razavi Hospital Razavi Journal of Medicine 3115-753X 5 4 2017 09 30 Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Reducing Smoking among Addicts 8 12 113539 10.30483/RIJM.2018.91 EN Homa Shahyar General Psychology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran Farhad Jomehri Assistant Professor, Department of General Psychology, College of Psychology and Education, Allama Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2016 04 27 Background: Substance abuse is one of the most important problems nowadays that has found the world range. A disaster that destroys millions of lives, and big national funds are spent to fight or compensate its damages. Objectives: This study was conducted with the aim of examining the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on reducing smoking among addicts in Tehran. Methods: The method used in this study in terms of the applied purpose and data collection, was quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest group and control group. Statistical population of the present study consisted of all male smokers aged 20 to 40 years living in Tehran, who had been referred to the stop smoking clinic in Tehran municipality and Javanmardan park for treatment. Convenience sampling method was used to choose samples from statistical population. In this way, 30 persons who smoked cigarette daily were chosen and referred for treatment; they were randomly divided into one experimental group and one control group. Thus, 15 persons were randomly assigned to the control group and 15 ones to the experimental group (mindfulness). The Selfmade questionnaire for smoking rate was used in this study. Using SPSS software, obtained data from questionnaires were analyzed and divided into two parts, descriptive and inferential. Results: According to the obtained results, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (P <0.05).The results showed that mindfulness is effective in reducing smoking in the persons aged 20 to 40 years. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, it can be stated that some solutions should be considered in order to conduct the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in counseling centers.

https://journal.razavihospital.ir/article_113539_e6641a830c5cd02f371a73758098c508.pdf

Mashhad Razavi Hospital Razavi Journal of Medicine 3115-753X 5 4 2017 10 30 The Comparison of Divided, Sustained and Selective Attention in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Children with Specific Learning Disorder and Normal Children 13 19 113540 10.30483/RIJM.2018.92 EN Fatemeh Maghsoodloonejad Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Human Science, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, IR Iran Hadi Hashemi Razini Assistant Professor, Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, IR Iran Journal Article 2016 05 03 Background: High incidence of learning disorders has caught the psychologists’ attention in recent years. Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare divided, sustained and selective attention in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, children with a specific learning disorder and normal children. Methods: The study was a descriptive, causal-comparative and fundamental research. The population consisted of all children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and children with specific learning psychology (SLD), aged 7 to 12 years old, who referred to counselingandpsychiatric clinics in Tehran in 2016, as well asnormalprimary school children. 36 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 47 children with specific learning difficulties were selected through convenience sampling, and 43 ordinary primary school children with cluster-randomly sampling method. Continuous performance test, word color Stroop test and theWechsler scales were used as the instruments of the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics along with multivariate analysis of variance in Spss-21were used to analyze data. Results: The results of this study showed that weakness in divided, selective and sustained attention in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and children with specific learning disorder is more than normal children (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between these variables in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and children with specific learning disorder (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The results showed that the rate of comorbidity was very high in children with attention deficit - hyperactivity disorder and children with specific learning disorder.

https://journal.razavihospital.ir/article_113540_fcb29163c92b7f6f39248eba85d3ea18.pdf

Mashhad Razavi Hospital Razavi Journal of Medicine 3115-753X 5 4 2017 10 30 Comparison of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Metacognitive Beliefs between the Students with Social Phobia and the ones with no Psychiatric Problems 20 25 113541 10.30483/RIJM.2018.93 EN Boshra Mohammadi MA in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran Neda Ali Beige Assistant Professor, Psychosis Research Center, Depatrtment of Psychiatry, University of SocialWelfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2016 05 06 Background: Researchers believe that the early maladaptive schemas act as refiners to approve the childhood’s experiences and will lead to some clinical symptoms like anxiety, depression, phobia, personality disorders, alcohol abuse, overeating or stomach ulcers. Objectives: The present study was carried out with the purpose of comparing early maladaptive schemas and metacognitive beliefs between the students with social phobia and the ones with no psychiatric problems in the universities of Tehran. Methods: The statistical population included all the patients referred to the therapeutic, psychiatric, psychological and consultative centers of Tehran in 2015. The causal-comparative methodology was employed and 60 students with social phobia and 60 students with no psychiatric problems were selected as the samples of the study using the convenience (targeted) sampling method. Young schema questionnaire, Conover metacognitive beliefs and social phobia were employed for data collection. The research data were analyzed using multivariable analysis of variance (MANOVA) test. Results: The obtained results showed that there was a significant difference between the students with social phobia and the ones with no psychiatric problems in terms of early maladaptive schemas and metacognitive beliefs (P < 0.01). Conclusions: It can be stated that the early maladaptive schemas have been less inefficient among the students with social phobia.

https://journal.razavihospital.ir/article_113541_5a16d9862ca17cddd6f15bd34d5b9ee3.pdf

Mashhad Razavi Hospital Razavi Journal of Medicine 3115-753X 5 4 2017 12 08 Effect of Amphotericin B on Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial 26 31 113542 10.30483/RIJM.2018.94 EN Jaleh Youseﬁ Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran Asghar Akhavan Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran Reza Hoseini-Motlagh Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran Mohammad Hossein Khosravi Students’ Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran Yunes Panahi Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran Shahin Banaei-Boroujeni Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran International Otorhinolaryngology Research Association (IORA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, IR Iran Journal Article 2017 01 28 Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is the inflammation of paranasal sinus mucous membranes. Considering the influence of fungi on chronic rhinosinusitis and different results concerning the effect of Amphotericin B on improvement of this condition; this study aimed to determine the effect of topical Amphotericin B on improvement of the symptoms in patients with CRS. Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 80 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who visited the allergy clinic of Baqiyatallah Hospital from June to October 2014 were randomly allocated to two groups; the first group received 10 cc topical lavage of Amphotericin B (5 cc each nostril for every 12 hours) and the second group received placebo for three months. Symptoms, nasal mucusa smear, serum level of inflammatory cytokines, CT scan and rhinoscopy score changes were evaluated in both groups after three months. Results: Fifty-five male and 25 female patients were evaluated in two groups. The mean age was 26.1 2.36 and 27.9 1.59 years in intervention and control groups respectively (P = 0.08). There were no significant differences in demographic data between the groups (P > 0.05). Nasal obstruction, post nasal drip (PND), reduced sense of smell, quality of life, CT scan and rhinoscopy scores were not significantly different between the two groups after intervention (P > 0.05). Facial pain severity score was significantly more reduced in intervention group in comparison with control group (P < 0.01). Conclusions: We concluded that application of Amphotericin B as an adjunctive medication to other common treatments, does not seem to be an efficient method for improvement of CRS symptoms.

https://journal.razavihospital.ir/article_113542_fe306a010a43323151029b86aa232109.pdf

Mashhad Razavi Hospital Razavi Journal of Medicine 3115-753X 5 4 2017 12 08 Reviewing Interstitial Cystitis Models and Treatments: A Focus on the Urothelium 32 45 113543 10.30483/RIJM.2018.95 EN Federico Ferro Curam, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, NUIGalway, Biosciences Research Building, 118 Corrib Village, Newcastle, Galway, Ireland Journal Article 2017 01 29 Context: Interstitial cystitis is a multifactorial chronic and debilitating disease which is commonly associated with pain localized in the bladder region, increased urinary frequency, urgency and nocturia. Due to the high prevalence of pain in the population affected more recently the condition is often referred to as interstitial cystitis / bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Evidence Acquisition: Although IC presents with many different symptoms, researchers have formulated three different theories, which are not mutually exclusive, to explain IC pathology: the first is related to the alteration of the proteoglycan and protein junction composition, structure and presence in the urothelium. The second is an immune induced IC resulting from an increased number of activated mast cells in the bladder internal layers, such as detrusor muscle (DM), and mucosa/submucosa. The third type, which is closely related to the second one, is due to a sensory nerve sensitization as an effect of neurotrophic factors molecule release. Results: Previous classification has been mirrored in the development of various in vitro and in vivo disease models created to mimic IC, as well as in the available therapies used to treat the condition to date. Conclusions: This review will summarize the most recent advances in the field, related to the different causative factors contributing to the development of the condition, the in vivo models used as well as the evidence they provide in advancing our knowledge and their limitations. The focus will be on works reporting on IC in the domain related to alterations in proteoglycans and cellular junction, specifically their composition, structure and appearance in the urothelium, and also discuss present and future therapies. Conclusions: This review will summarize the most recent advances in the field, related to the different causative factors contributing to the development of the condition, the in vivo models used as well as the evidence they provide in advancing our knowledge and their limitations. The focus will be on works reporting on IC in the domain related to alterations in proteoglycans and cellular junction, specifically their composition, structure and appearance in the urothelium, and also discuss present and future therapies.

https://journal.razavihospital.ir/article_113543_b78e4578a585718a031c5455a9d66de4.pdf

Mashhad Razavi Hospital Razavi Journal of Medicine 3115-753X 5 4 2017 12 16 Erythropoietin Effects on Pathological Changes of Brain Tissues and Motor Balance Functions after Traumatic Brain Injury in Animal Model 46 51 113544 10.30483/RIJM.2018.96 EN Gholamreza Bahadorkhan Department of Neurosurgery, Emdad Academic Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran Mohammadali Abouei Department of Neurosurgery, Emdad Academic Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran Omid Daneshvarfard Department of Neurosurgery, Emdad Academic Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran Mohammad Hassan Arjmand Ph.D. Candidate of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran Journal Article 2016 10 29 Objectives: In this control trial study we showed the neuroprotective effects of the erythropoietin (EPO) in traumatic brain injury in animal model. Methods: The research was carried out on 50 male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 250 g. They were divided into two groups of control andcase. The rats were anesthetized, right frontal craniotomywasperformedandthen the braindamagewascaused by weight-drop model. In the case group, after 3 hours and again after 24 hours of craniotomy and creation of brain lesions in the right hemisphere, 500 u/kg erythropoietin was injected into peritoneum but in the control group, the rats did not receive any drug. Then the behavior,motor function and balance on the second day and the fourteenth day after injection of erythropoietin were evaluated. After that, the rats were killed and the brain tissues sent to the laboratory for pathological assessment of brain tissues. Results: The average of cross-sectional damage in the case group that received erythropoietin drug was reported 22.55% and in the control group 37.41%, and the motor balance function after fourteenth day in the group that received erythropoietin was 69.12% and better in comparison with the control group (46.27%) that did not receive any drug. Conclusions: erythropoietin has a protective effect on neurons and improves the sub-acute changes in head after brain injury and increases the motor balance abilities in rats.

https://journal.razavihospital.ir/article_113544_9fc405790a748aa14d3941af97851223.pdf

Mashhad Razavi Hospital Razavi Journal of Medicine 3115-753X 5 4 2017 12 05 Assessment of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Female Students Living in Dormitories of QomUniversity of Medical Sciences 52 55 113545 10.30483/RIJM.2018.97 EN Hoorieh Rahiminia Student Research Committee, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, IR Iran Elaheh Rahiminia Student Research Committee, School of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran Shahram Arsangjang Department of Public Health, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, IR Iran Gholamreza Shariﬁrad Department of Public Health, School of Health, Islamic Azad university, Qom Branch, IR Iran Journal Article 2016 11 27 Background: Due to their particular circumstances during this critical period of life, female students living in dormitories of students often face with situations against which experience many emotional reactions. Since the mental health of society largely depends on their mental health and psychological damage in this important part of female can be increased, early determination of depression and anxiety as well as identification of the amount and sources of stress in students can prevent complications and psychological consequences. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the assessment of depression, anxiety, and stress among female students living in dormitories of Qom University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study that was performed in 2015 on 300 students of Qom University of Medical Sciences who were selected using quota sampling. Data collection was performed using the DASS Scale (depression, anxiety, stress scale)included 42 items related to the domains of depression, anxiety and stress. Data were explored via percentage, mean and standard deviation. Statistical data were analyzed with analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS software. Results: The mean age of students was 21.64 3.50 years that most of whom were undergraduate and single students and mean of educational score was 16.17 1.15. The results of this study showed that 24.9% of students suffered from stress, 21.6% from depression,and 20.2% had anxiety. There was no statistically significant correlation between "interest in the field of study" with two areas of depression (P = 0.003) and stress (P = 0.01) and there was also a significant relationship between “economy of families”and depression (P = 0.04). Meanwhile, there was a meaningful relationship between “family relationship status of students” and depression (P = 0.0001) and anxiety (P = 0.05). Conclusions: The results indicated that stress, anxiety, and depression were prevalent in female students living in dormitories and factors such as interest in the field of education, socioeconomic status of families, and family relationship status of students were associated to stress, anxiety, and depression in students. Therefore, in addition to paying attention to students’ mental condition and creating a peaceful environment, effective coping strategies should be taught to students.

https://journal.razavihospital.ir/article_113545_6169cc7f2f02c5642bb1180e78bd4f6d.pdf

Mashhad Razavi Hospital Razavi Journal of Medicine 3115-753X 5 4 2017 12 09 Fungal Pollution in the Homes of Respiratory Allergic Patients in Mashhad City, Northeast Iran 56 60 118398 10.30483/rijm.2017.118398 EN Samaneh Eidi Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Reza Farid-Hosseini Bu-Ali Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Journal Article 2017 01 07 Background: Fungal spores are ubiquitous constituents indoors and outdoors and are now generally identified as important causes of respiratory allergies. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the frequency and prevalence of allergens with fungal origin at homes of allergic patients with respiratory symptoms in the city of Mashhad, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a group of patients with allergic rhinitis (n = 50) were selected based on positive skin prick test. Healthy volunteers with no respiratory allergy were included in control group with the same age as diseased group. Samples from nasal cavity and different parts of bedroom were collected and cultured. The fungal agents were recognized by conventional mycological methods based on the cultural and microscopic appearance as properties. Results: Colonization with fungi was obtained in 26% - 64% and 86-98% of the patient and healthy groups, respectively. Among all species isolated from specimens of the patients, A.flavus was dominant which followed by A. niger, Penicillium and Cladosporium whereas the most commonly isolated fungi from the whole specimens of healthy subjects were A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Penicillium, Yeast, Alternaria and Cladosporium. Conclusions: Fungi can be hazardous for health. Furthermore, prevention of fungal spores’ growth is important, and also identifying and determining the most common allergen fungi are key steps to provide the necessary recommendations to the patients in controlling and preventing disease.

https://journal.razavihospital.ir/article_118398_2f708ca0598a0d619254e9e34e286115.pdf